§ 14-4. Definitions.
As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings shown:
Animal waste shall mean any solid waste, such as litter, feces, feathers and coat clippings, from the breeding, raising, containing, maintaining or grooming of animals at places of residence, stables, kennels, pet pens, chicken coops, or other places of a similar nature. Animal waste shall not include waste generated from health care-related facilities such as veterinary establishments. Animal waste shall not include dead animals.
Authorized municipal solid waste facility shall mean any designated or authorized municipal solid waste facility designated by the city manager in the case of a designated municipal solid waste facility, or by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality in the case of an authorized municipal solid waste facility, for processing, storing, or disposing of municipal solid waste, including construction or demolition waste. This includes City of Eagle Pass Type IV AE, Landfill Permit 1918 located on 123 State Highway 131 in Maverick County, Texas, and the Maverick County Solid Waste Authority Type I Landfill Permit 2316 located at 16179 Farm to Market Road 1021, El Indio, Texas 78860 (County Landfill), and the City of Eagle Pass Recycling Center located at 1180 Eidson Road, Eagle Pass, Texas.
Brush shall include tree branches, woody vines, shrubs, and other herbaceous and woody plants less than six (6) feet in length, excluding posts, boards, lumber or their fragments. Brush does not include any material generated at a location other than the residence from which it is collected.
Bulky waste shall include only municipal solid wastes in the forms of irregularly sized items that do not readily fit into refuse containers, which include but are not limited to, large appliances (e.g., refrigerators, water heaters, washers, and dryers), toilets and furniture, also small and medium-sized appliances, and other domestic wastes and discards which are commonly regarded as large non-putrescible municipal solid waste items. Bulky waste does not include household hazardous waste, hazardous or special wastes, construction and demolition waste, vehicle parts, commercial tires, brush, electronics, or products containing glass which may break during collection.
Business customer shall mean a person that produces business municipal waste that the city has agreed to collect.
Business services shall mean collection of business municipal waste (brush, bulky and special bagged leaf collection not included) from business customers, provided by the city. Refuse and recycling collection service at such location must be feasible and within existing collection routes.
Business municipal waste or commercial refuse shall mean garbage and recycling municipal solid waste similar, in both content and volume, to that generated at a business or commercial establishment.
Cart or container shall mean any watertight plastic receptacle approved by the department for the purpose of collection and containing municipal solid waste or program recyclable materials that is generally equipped with wheels and an attached tight-fitting lid designed or intended to be mechanically or manually dumped into a garbage collection truck.
Cart dumper shall mean a mechanical device used in semi-automated and fully-automated collection to lift and empty carts, also called flippers and tippers.
Central Business District (CBD) shall mean all streets and portions of street with the area bounded as follows: Beginning at the intersection of Ryan Street and Garrison Street; thence along Ryan Street to Ford Street; thence along Ford Street to the Union Pacific Railroad Tracks; thence along the Union Pacific Railroad Tracks to Garrison Street; thence along Garrison Street to the Point of Beginning.
City shall mean the City of Eagle Pass, Texas.
Collection shall mean the act of removing accumulated matter, garbage, solid waste or recyclables from the point of collection and transporting it to a solid waste management facility; collection may occur at centralized points where generators deliver their solid waste.
Collection assistance service shall mean a collection service provided to a customer residence wherein there is no able-bodied individual capable of setting out refuse or recyclables at the public right-of-way. The director shall approve of or discontinue this service in writing.
Collection frequency shall mean the number of times per week that collection service is provided.
Collection service area shall mean the City of Eagle Pass, Texas. The city may also provide service within the ETJ of the city or in Maverick County, Texas pursuant to an interlocal agreement with Maverick County, Texas.
Collection/service stop shall mean a unique address or location that is a point of collection and requires collection services, i.e., a geographical point within a service area that requires the collection vehicle to stop and collect solid waste and/or recyclables, or other materials.
Collection system shall mean the collection and transportation of matter, garbage, solid waste or recycling in a specially designed truck, some of which may have an affixed mechanical arm assembly. Service may be provided in the form of either automated (one-person crew) or semi-automated method (multiple-person crew) and these systems may utilize specially designed containers.
Co-collection/dual collection shall mean a simultaneous collection of two (2) solid wastes, e.g., residential solid waste and residential recyclables; residential solid waste and yard wastes; residential recyclables and yard wastes; or two (2) recyclables.
Commercial property shall mean all property other than a residential property; this includes vacant premises.
Commercial refuse shall include any solid wastes generated as a by-product of any commercial operation, but shall not include swills, slops, toxic or corrosive materials, manure, or any other material found harmful to personnel or equipment as determined by the director or his designee. Commercial refuse shall also include MSW that was not generated at the customers EPWWS account address and non-residential MSW that may be collected from businesses such as law offices, community centers and pools or vacant premises.
Commercial establishment or business customer shall mean any structure or premises other than residential structures or premises and shall include the following: stores (including second-hand stores), flea markets, restaurants, gas stations, apartments, malls, oil and gas well locations, bars, theatres, and any others conducting business.
Compactor shall mean a watertight receptacle, regardless of its size, which has a compaction mechanism, whether stationary or mobile, equipped with closeable doors intended to be loaded onto a vehicle.
Composting or functionally aerobic composting shall mean the controlled, biological decomposition of organic materials through microbial activity which occurs in the presence of free oxygen. Composting or functionally aerobic composting does not include the stockpiling of organic materials.
Construction or demolition waste shall mean solid waste resulting from construction or demolition projects; includes all materials that are directly or indirectly the by-products of construction work or that result from demolition of buildings and other structures, including, but not limited to, paper, cartons, plastic buckets and drums, sheet rock, wood, rebar, aluminum or vinyl siding, excelsior, rubber, plastics, concrete, asphalt, corrugated cardboard, roofing tiles, asphalt shingles, tar paper, and floor tiles.
Construction or demolition waste manifest shall mean a form offered for sale by the department to permitted haulers and self-transporters for the purpose of tracking the transportation of construction or demolition waste from the point of generation to the location of delivery for disposal of said waste, attached as Exhibit B.
Editor's note— Exhibit B is not set out herein, but is on file in the offices of the city.
Contaminated pile shall include (i) any pile of items or matter or materials containing material not provided for (or specifically prohibited) in its respective definition; and/or (ii) piles in which the contaminating materials are commingled with, or placed on top of, the pile, or if such items are placed so close to the pile or in such large amounts that the items cannot reasonably be removed from the pile.
Curbside means the area located within three (3) feet of and parallel to the edge of the street or alleyway that provides primary access to the premises, or the other area designated by the department.
Curbside collection shall mean the collection of solid waste, recyclables or other materials placed in a cart in front of the premises (curbside) by the generator who then removes the containers from the curbside after they have been emptied.
Current utility bill shall mean a bill issued by the EPWWS that includes a charge for collection, which is not more than sixty (60) days old.
Debris shall mean large waste materials, including but not limited to ashes, dirt, automobile frames, tires, or other bulky and heavy materials.
Deface shall mean and apply to writing, carving or scratching on the varnish or paint or plaster of any public refuse or recycling containers, or staining such containers with paint, or any other article which will produce a discoloration of the painting or plaster on them.
Demolition material shall include but not be limited to sheetrock, plaster, lumber, insulation, roofing materials, and other materials generated from remodeling or demolition.
Department shall mean the Solid Waste Management Division of the City of Eagle Pass or its successor which is part of public works.
Designated or authorized municipal solid waste facility shall mean any municipal solid waste facility designated by the city manager in the case of a designated municipal solid waste facility, or by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality in the case of an authorized municipal solid waste facility, for processing, storing, or disposing of municipal solid waste, including construction or demolition waste. This includes City of Eagle Pass Type IV AE, Landfill Permit 1918 located on 123 State Highway 131 in Maverick County, the Eagle Pass Recycling Center located at 1180 Eidson Road, Eagle Pass, Texas, and the Maverick County Solid Waste Authority Type I Landfill Permit 2316 located at 16179 Farm to Market Road 1021, El Indio, Texas 78860 (County Landfill).
Detachable containers shall mean waste containers such as carts, dumpsters and roll-off containers.
Director shall mean the director of public works or his successor or predecessor. The director may designate a fully authorized representative to act on his behalf or the department's behalf.
Disposal shall mean the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any matter, solid or liquid waste (whether containerized or non-containerized) into, under, or on any land or body of water.
Drop-off event shall mean an event sponsored by the city allowing eligible users to drop-off MSW materials for disposal or recycling.
Drop-off centers shall mean collection sites where solid wastes, recyclables, or other materials are taken by generators and deposited into designated containers.
Dumpster shall mean a container, which holds more than one (1) cubic yard, used to store solid waste until it is collected for disposal. The term also includes roll-on/roll-off containers that are used to transport solid waste on a vehicle chassis.
Duplex shall mean two (2) dwelling units within an improved property sharing at least one (1) common wall or included under the same roof structure which is arranged, designed or used as residential occupancy and does not include mobile home.
Established fee shall mean the fee that is authorized in this chapter, which is set in the amount identified in the adopted budget resolution for the current fiscal year or by other duly adopted action of the city council.
Earth and construction materials shall mean earth, rocks, concrete and similar materials and waste materials usually resulting from construction, demolition, remodeling or materials from premises.
Enclosure shall mean a man-made structure built for the specific purposes of shielding a refuse container. These enclosures may be built so that the refuse collection vehicles have access to the container. If enclosures are built with doors, these shall be opened on the day of collection. Doors shall be made with anchor devices that will keep the doors from inadvertently closing on the collection vehicles. Enclosures shall be at least thirteen (13) feet wide and ten (10) feet deep for ease of collection. Any enclosure that is locked on the day of collection will not be collected. If a request is made for collection, after the regularly scheduled collection, the request will be considered a request for extra pick up subject to an additional fee.
EPA shall mean the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
EPWWS shall mean the City of Eagle Pass Water Works System. EPWWS is the billing agent for solid waste fees. EPWWS water meters may serve as the initial basis for residential, business and/or commercial service eligibility.
ETJ shall mean the extra-territorial jurisdiction, as defined or described in the city's subdivision ordinance.
Excluded waste shall mean solid waste not accepted by any designated or authorized municipal solid waste facility, as posted, at such designated or authorized municipal solid waste facility.
Fill material shall mean inert material, such as sand, soil, clay, rock, brick, and concrete that has been removed from premises or a construction site or demolished from a structure that is re-used at a new site.
Fully-automated collection shall mean a method of collecting solid waste where the generator places the storage container or cart at the point of collection and collection is done without the operator leaving the collection vehicle. The collection vehicle is equipped with special mechanical devices that are extended to grasp, lift, empty and then replace the storage containers back to the point of collection. Normally, the point of collection for fully-automated collection is curbside or alley.
Garbage. See "Refuse."
Generator shall mean the person or entity whose name appears on the EPWWS billing system or places solid waste or recyclables in containers for collection.
Handbill shall mean any printed or written matter, any sample or device, dodger, circular, leaflet, pamphlet, paper, booklet, newspaper (with or without inserts) or any other printed or otherwise reproduced original or copies of any matter of literature:
a.
Which advertises for sale any merchandise, product commodity, or thing;
b.
Which directs attention to any business or mercantile or commercial establishments or other activity, for the purpose of either directly or indirectly promoting the interest thereof by sales;
c.
Which directs attention to or advertises any meeting, theatrical performance, exhibition, or event of any kind, for which an admission fee is charged for the purpose of private gain or profit; or
d.
Which, while containing reading matter other than advertising matter, is predominantly and essentially an advertisement, and is distributed or circulated for advertising purposes, or for the private benefit and gain of any person so engaged as advertiser or distributor.
Hauler shall mean person other than a self-transporter who provides collection of construction and demolition materials within the city and its ETJ.
Hauler permit shall mean the authorization of a hauler by the department for the privilege to provide collection of construction and demolition and recyclable materials within the city and its ETJ and/or delivery of construction and demolition and recyclable materials to a designated or authorized municipal solid waste facility during the term of such permit and subject to all the terms and conditions imposed by this chapter and other laws.
Hazardous waste shall mean any liquid or solid waste identified or listed as a hazardous waste by the administrator of the EPA pursuant to the federal Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
Hospital related waste (see special waste) shall mean refuse that is generated by a medical facility such as a hospital, medical office, dentist's office, medical laboratory, veterinarian's office, medical clinic, medical weight-loss clinic, mortuary, or other similar facility where needles, syringes, scalpels, or other sharp tools are commonly used and where human blood, fluids, or tissues have been in contact with the waste or are a portion of the waste. Such wastes may or may not be infectious waste.
Illegal dumping shall mean any offenses defined by this chapter or Texas Litter Abatement Act in Chapter 365 of the Texas Health and Safety Code.
Improved property shall mean all properties which there is erected a structure intended for continuous or periodic habitation, occupancy or use by a person or an entity.
Industrial solid waste shall mean waste determined to be of industrial origin and classified by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality as Class I, Class II, or Class III.
Infectious waste (see special waste) shall mean waste containing pathogens or biologically active material, which because of its type, concentration, and quantity, is capable of transmitting disease to persons exposed to the waste. This waste must be handled and processed according to TDSHS regulations before disposal.
Institutional facility shall mean facilities with high-density populations, i.e., hotels, motels, inns, rooming houses, boarding houses, jails, or schools (whether private, public or quasi-public).
Land clearing shall mean removal of organic matter, soil, rock or appurtenances from vacant, improved, or unimproved premises.
Legal disposal shall mean the deposit of any solid waste at a registered or authorized municipal solid waste facility.
Lot shall have its ordinary meaning but it shall also include, in addition to the land within its boundaries, all land adjacent to and extending beyond the property line to the curb line of adjacent streets, and where no curb exists, to the existing street surface. The word lot shall also include all land lying between the property line of any lot and the center of adjacent alleys and/or easements.
Manual collection system shall mean the collection and transportation of matter, MSW, garbage or recyclables by means of a system that requires a person to manually lift and load the material into the collection vehicle.
County or Maverick County shall mean the County of Maverick, Texas.
MCSWA shall mean the Maverick County Solid Waste Authority.
Mixed-use property shall mean an improved property containing both residential properties and commercial properties, where the municipal solid waste generated at such improved property cannot be readily separated by source of generation.
Mobile home shall mean living quarters equipped and designed for sleeping and eating and which may be moved from one (1) place to another over a public roadway by being pulled behind a motor vehicle.
Mobile home property shall mean property equipped or occupied by at least one (1) mobile home.
Mulch shall mean the organic product resulting from chipping of wood and woody material.
Multifamily dwelling shall mean any building or structure or portion thereof that contains three (3) or more dwelling units and, for the purpose of this Code, includes residential condominiums.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) shall mean solid waste resulting from or incidental to municipal, business, hospital, community, commercial, institutional, or recreational activities, and includes garbage, rubbish, recyclable materials, ashes, street cleanings, dead animals, abandoned automobiles, and other solid waste other than industrial solid waste.
Municipal solid waste facility shall mean all contiguous land, structures, other appurtenances, and improvements on the land used for processing, storing, or disposing of solid waste. The facility must be licensed and may consist of several processing, storage, or disposal units.
Occupant shall mean any person occupying or having possession of premises or any portion thereof.
Owner shall mean any person who, alone or with others, has title or an interest in premises with or without accompanying actual possession thereof, and including any person who as agent, or as executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of an estate, has charge, care or control of any premises.
Parcel shall mean any tract of land that has not been subdivided into lots, but shall also include, in addition to the land within its boundaries, all land adjacent to and extending beyond the property line to the curb line of adjacent streets, and, where no curb exists, to the surface of an adjacent public street or road. The word parcel shall also include all land lying between the property line and the center of any adjacent alley and/or easement.
Parking lot means any area intended to allow space for vehicle parking, regardless of size or location. The area may be graded, leveled, paved, or treated for dust control and/or graveled, and may or may not be demarcated to identify individual parking spaces. This definition does not include metered parking operated by the city and does not include parking areas that are part of a city street or right-of-way.
Permitted hauler shall mean a hauler holding a valid hauler's permit for the collection or disposal of construction and demolition and recyclables materials at an authorized facility.
Permitted vehicle shall mean a vehicle or trailer used by a permitted hauler within the city for the purpose of collecting and disposing of construction and demolition and/or recyclable materials.
Permitted hauler vehicle log shall mean a form provided by the department to record deliveries of solid waste regulated by this chapter by permitted haulers to a designated or authorized municipal solid waste facility, in substantially the same form attached as Exhibit A.
Editor's note— Exhibit A is not set out herein, but is on file in the offices of the city.
Person shall mean an individual, entity, corporation (including a government corporation) organization, governmental subdivision or agency, federal agency, state, political subdivision of a state, interstate agency or body, business or business trust, partnership, association, firm, company, joint stock company, commission, or any other legal entity.
Point of collection shall be a convenient location at or in the right-of-way accessible to collection trucks or equipment from a passable roadway adjacent to each premises, which is often curbside. The point of collection for brush and bulky waste is at the curb or edge of curb.
Premises shall mean real property, including but not limited to private residences, business houses, boardinghouses, offices, theaters, hotels, motels, restaurants, cafes, eating houses, tourist camps, apartments, sanitariums, rooming houses, schools, parcels, lots, and all other improved and unimproved places inside and outside the city limits.
Private franchised hauler shall mean a person that has a nonexclusive right and privilege to collect, convey, or transport solid waste.
Prohibited waste shall mean any waste prohibited from landfill disposal by the EPA, the city, TCEQ, or landfill-operating permit. Prohibited wastes also include waste that may be injurious to collectors or may cause damage to collection vehicles.
Public trash container shall mean and include all approved waste containers or containers designed for public use and placed on the streets and sidewalks by the city or by anyone else under the direction of the city.
Putrescible waste shall mean organic waste, such as garbage, wastewater treatment plant sludge, and grease trap waste, that is capable of being decomposed by microorganisms with sufficient rapidity as to cause odors or gases or is capable of providing food for or attracting birds, animals and disease vectors.
Recyclable materials shall mean those solid wastes that are separated for recycling or reuse such as newspaper, mixed office paper, corrugated cardboard, craft paper, container glass, aluminum and tin cans, magazines, steel aerosol cans, and plastic bottles and containers.
Recycling shall mean the collection, separation, recovery and sale or reuse of metals, glass, paper, plastics, cardboard, and other materials which would otherwise be disposed or processed as municipal solid waste.
Recycling facility shall mean a facility that either has the required authorization from Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, or equivalent state agency, for processing of recyclable materials and is in compliance with local, state, and federal laws. The Eagle Pass Recycling Facility is located at 1180 Eidson Road, Eagle Pass, Texas.
Refuse shall mean garbage and/or municipal solid waste generated at a residential or commercial property. Refuse does not include recycling commodities intended to be placed in recycling containers, industrial waste, hazardous waste, or any other prohibited waste.
Residential customer shall mean a person living in a residential dwelling with two (2) units or less that produces refuse that the city collects.
Residential property shall mean all improved property, which is used, or is capable to be used as a residence, a single-family dwelling, duplex, or mobile home property, and does not include improved property used primarily as a commercial property, mixed-use property, or multifamily dwellings.
Retail or service establishment shall mean a business operation located on premises that has as its primary purpose the selling of goods, merchandise and/or providing a services to members of the public from a fixed location, such as a shop, store or building complex. Examples of retail or service establishments include, but are not limited to restaurants and bars, gas stations, convenience stores, shopping centers, and second hand stores, flea markets, etc.
Route shall mean a round of stops to collect solid waste or a path regularly visited by a collection vehicle.
Rubbish shall mean non-putrescible solid waste, excluding ashes, consisting of both combustible and noncombustible waste materials; combustible rubbish includes paper, rags, cartons, wood, excelsior, furniture, rubber, plastics, yard trimmings, leaves, and similar materials, unless placed on property pursuant to and in compliance with other ordinances or regulations of the city; noncombustible rubbish includes glass, crockery, tin cans, aluminum cans, metal furniture, and like materials which will not burn.
Scavenging shall mean an unauthorized partial or total removal of contents of a cart or container or recycling containers or any other item set out by a customer with the intent of collection by the city.
Self-transporter means the following:
a.
Generator, who directly, without use of a hauler, transports solid waste generated by the generator to a municipal solid waste facility or recyclable materials generated by the generator to a recycling facility, utilizing the following methods of transport: [1] a factory-unmodified Class 1, 2, or 3 truck, based on US DOT Federal Highway Administration Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey standards; or [2] a vehicle as described in [1] above, with an attached single-axle trailer.
b.
A person conducting services on behalf of a generator, including, but not limited to building contractors, home repairmen/handymen, landscapers, or roofers, at that generator's premises, may be considered a self-transporter of solid waste or recyclable materials generated as a result of such service.
Semi-automated collection shall mean a method of collecting solid waste where the generator places the storage container at the point of collection and the collection is done by a collection vehicle which requires the operator or collector to leave the collection vehicle and manually connect the container(s) to a lifting device (flipper or tipper) fastened to the mainframe or hopper of the collection vehicle. Normally the point of collection for semi-automated collection is curbside or alley.
Side door shall mean a collection/service stop location for a municipal solid waste and/or program recyclable materials cart other than curbside. Side door can be at the front, side or rear of a residential property for collection of municipal solid waste and program recyclable materials. The department shall designate the location for side door collection of municipal solid waste.
Single-family dwelling means a single dwelling unit within an improved property designed for residential occupancy which is arranged, designed or used as living quarters.
Solid waste shall mean any refuse, rubbish, soil or construction materials, white goods, recyclable materials, sludge from a waste water treatment plant, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility, and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from municipal, commercial, and agricultural operations, and from community and institutional activities (changes in state and federal regulations may change these definitions) but does not include:
1.
Solid or dissolved material in domestic sewage or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges subject to regulation.
2.
Soil, dirt, rock, sand, and other natural or manmade inert solid materials used to fill land if the object of the fill is to make the land suitable for the construction of surface improvements.
3.
Waste materials that result from activities associated with the exploration, development, or production of oil or gas and are subject to control by the Railroad Commission of Texas.
4.
Special wastes as defined by this chapter.
5.
Hazardous wastes.
Special waste shall mean any liquid, semi-liquid, solid waste or combination of solid wastes that because of its quantity, concentration, physical or chemical characteristics or biological properties, require special handling and disposal to protect the human health or the environment and as further defined in 3 TAC 330 Municipal Solid Waste Regulations. Special wastes include, but are not limited to:
1.
Household hazardous waste.
2.
Infectious and hospital-related wastes.
3.
Municipal water and wastewater treatment plant sludges.
4.
Grease and grit trap wastes.
5.
Slaughterhouse wastes.
6.
Dead animals.
7.
Drugs, contaminated foods, or drink products, other than those contained in normal household waste.
8.
Pesticide (insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or rodenticide) containers.
9.
Asbestos or materials containing asbestos.
10.
Contaminated soil.
11.
Tires.
Special waste may need pretreatment before it is disposed of.
Storm damage shall primarily refer to organic materials generated as a result of forces of nature that may end up in the city's storm drain, including but not limited building materials, roofing materials, and other personal property or refuse.
TCEQ shall mean Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and its successor and predecessor agencies.
TDSHS shall mean Texas Department of State Health Services and its successor and predecessor agencies.
Transfer station shall mean a fixed facility used for transferring solid waste from collection vehicles to long-haul vehicles.
TxDOT shall mean the Texas Department of Transportation and its successor and predecessor agencies.
Vacuum truck shall refer to any vehicles which transport liquid and semi-solid wastes to a solid waste disposal or processing site.
Vector shall mean an agent such as an insect, snake, rodent, bird or animal capable of mechanically or biologically transferring a pathogen from one (1) organism to another.
Vehicle shall mean any device used to transport matter or solid wastes and include, but is not limited to cars, pickups, vans, dumps trucks, trailers, roll-off containers, tractor trailers, rear and side loading packer trucks.
Weeds and vegetation shall mean all uncultivated vegetable growth or plant matter that has grown to more than twelve (12) inches in height, other than trees and shrubs.
White goods shall mean household appliances and similar items.
Yard trimmings shall mean grass, weeds, leaves, tree trimmings, plants, shrubbery prunings, and such other similar materials which are generated in the maintenance of yards, gardens, or commercial landscaping in the city and which are separated from other solid waste materials and placed in a designated container for collection.
(Ord. No. 2012-06, § 1, 3-6-2012)